This History video introduces teachers to the key disciplinary concept of identifying similarities and differences between groups and societies. In this lesson, pupils compare the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. The comparison focuses on geography, governance, education, military training, and the roles of boys and girls. The video supports teachers in highlighting both similarities, such as mountainous landscapes and early education for boys, and differences, such as Athens’ access to the sea versus landlocked Sparta. Teachers are encouraged to use visual tools like Venn diagrams to help pupils clearly distinguish shared and contrasting features.

This video is part of Kapow Primary’s History scheme – Greek. It helps to develop critical comparison skills across historical units. It prepares teachers to guide pupils through structured discussions about how different societies developed and functioned. Through comparing Athens’ democratic system with Sparta’s oligarchy, and their contrasting approaches to education and gender roles, children gain a deeper understanding of diversity in the ancient world. The video ensures teachers feel confident in drawing out key comparisons and embedding this vital historical concept within their lessons.

History, key stage 2, Year 5, What is the legacy of the ancient Greek civilisation? Lesson 3: How was Ancient Greece governed?