This Kapow pupil video is part of the Kapow Science scheme of work. Beneath our feet, earthworms are hard at work, creating tiny tunnels in the soil. These tunnels are vital because they let in air for plants and animals living in the soil and allow rainwater to soak down to plant roots. Softer soil makes it easier for roots to grow and for animals to dig.

As earthworms tunnel, they pull down organic matter from dead plants and animals, adding nutrients to the soil. They also eat small pieces of leaves and plant material, leaving behind castings – a natural fertiliser rich in nutrients that plants need to grow. By improving soil structure and adding nutrients, earthworms help create a healthy habitat where plants and animals can thrive.

The video is designed to be shown to pupils as part of Science, key stage 2, Year 3, Materials: Rocks and soil, Lesson 6: Soil layers and earthworms