Y3/4 (A): Energy: Light and shadows
Exploring the link between light and darkness, observing reflections and investigating different factors that affect shadows.
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Unit outcomes
Pupils who are secure will be able to:
- Recall examples of light sources, objects that do not give out light and that darkness is the absence of light.
- Describe ways to protect eyes from harm.
- Describe what happens when light reflects, give examples of reflective surfaces or materials and describe factors that may affect the quality of a reflected image.
- Describe how shadows form and identify patterns between groups of materials and the shadows produced.
- Recall factors that affect the way a shadow appears, including what causes shadows to change throughout the day and factors that change the size of a shadow
- Describe the pattern of changing shadows throughout the day.
- Describe how the light source’s distance affects the shadow’s size.
- Explain why a particular material is appropriate for making a shadow puppet and use knowledge of shadows to animate it.
When working scientifically, pupils who are secure will be able to:
- Recall what information needs recording to decide the number of columns in a results table and suggest suitable headings for the results table.
- Record information in the correct columns.
- Identify if a question is testable, explain why and plan ways to answer a testable question.
- Select which variables will be changed, measured and controlled in the experiment.
- I can describe patterns in data and quote values as evidence of patterns in data.
- I can identify odd results that do not fit the pattern.
- I can use patterns to make predictions for missing data.
Please note that Kapow Primary Science lessons are designed to be 1 hour and 30 minutes long to reflect the requirements of a core subject.
Suggested prior learning
Lessons
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 1: Sources of light
Knowledge
- To explain the role of light sources.
Working scientifically
- To plan and draw a results table.
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 2: What is reflection?
Knowledge
- To compare light reflecting on different surfaces.
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 3: Where do shadows come from?
Knowledge
- To recognise which materials cast a shadow.
Working scientifically
- To ask testable questions and plan how to answer them.
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 4: Shadows throughout the day
Knowledge
- To summarise how shadows change throughout the day.
Working scientifically
- To consider variables when planning an enquiry.
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 5: Investigating shadows
Knowledge
- To investigate how the distance of the light source affects the size of its shadow.
Working scientifically
- To find patterns in data and form conclusions.
Y3/4 (A): Lesson 6: Using light and shadows
Knowledge
- To tell a story using shadow puppets.
Science in action
- To recall how different people work with light and shadows.
Key skills
Key knowledge
Related content
Unit resources

Knowledge organiser – Science Y3/4 (A): Energy: Light and shadows
Aimed at pupils, two pages providing key facts and definitions from the mixed-age unit ‘Light and shadows’.

Vocabulary display – Science Y3/4 (A): Energy: Light and shadows
A display version of the key vocabulary from the mixed-age unit 'Light and shadows'.
Cross-curricular opportunities
English: Spoken language, Reading – comprehension.
Mathematics: Number and place value, Measurement.
Geography: Locational knowledge, Place knowledge.
British values: Mutual respect, Democracy.