This Science video introduces teachers to the concepts of variation, inheritance, and adaptation, and how these factors affect survival. Variation is the difference between individuals of the same species, caused by the environment, genetics, or a combination of both. Environmental variation, such as accents, injuries, or hobbies, is influenced by lifestyle and surroundings and cannot be passed on to offspring. Inherited or genetic variation, such as blood type or eye colour, is passed on from parents and is much harder to change. Some traits, like genetic diseases, are also inherited. Teachers should approach discussions on sex, gender, and genetic conditions with sensitivity, seeking guidance from school leadership when needed.

This video is part of Kapow Primary’s Science scheme – evolution. It supports teachers in explaining that most variation is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Examples include height, which depends on inherited genes and nutrition, and behavioural differences in animals, such as migration or huddling for warmth. The lesson also covers adaptation – characteristics that help organisms survive in their habitat – and selective breeding, where humans influence variation to produce desirable traits in crops and livestock. Pupils will learn that variation exists in all living things, from animals to plants and microorganisms, and that adaptations, like thick fur in cold climates or nectar to attract pollinators, improve an organism’s chances of survival.

Science, key stage 2, Year 6, Living things: Evolution and inheritance, Lesson 1: Variation