*New* Structures: Helmets
Designing and making a helmet, using strengthening techniques to reinforce the shell structure.
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*New* Structures: Helmets
Unit Outcomes
Pupils who are secure will be able to:
- Describe what a shell structure is and describe what makes an effective helmet.
- Design a helmet for a specific user by choosing appropriate features.
- Explain layering techniques used to strengthen a helmet.
- Use layering techniques to make a helmet and reflect on the process.
- Evaluate the strengthening required in the helmet and justify appropriate strengthening techniques.
- Follow a design plan and use appropriate techniques to strengthen and stiffen the helmet.
- Communicate with peers when making improvements.
- Analyse helmets’ strengths and weaknesses and evaluate how they work for their purpose.
Three pre-made papier-mâché helmets are required for Lesson 3: Strengthening techniques. Watch the Pupil video: Papier-mâché helmets and follow the steps to create shell structures showing one, two and three layers of papier-mâché to compare during the lesson.
Suggested prior learning
Structures: Constructing a castle
Get startedLessons
Lesson 1: Exploring shell structures
- To explore shell structures and design my own.
Lesson 2: Making papier-mâché shells
- To make the shell of a helmet.
Lesson 3: Strengthening techniques
- To assess how a helmet structure needs to be strengthened.
Lesson 4: Strengthening shell structures
- To strengthen the helmet shell structure.
Lesson 5: Evaluating shell structures
- To evaluate the effectiveness of strengthening the helmet.
Key skills
Key knowledge
Related content
Unit resources

Knowledge organiser – D&T Y4: Structures: Helmets
Aimed at pupils, two pages which give key facts and definitions from the unit ‘Structures: Helmets’.

Vocabulary display – D&T Y4: Structures: Helmets
A display version of the vocabulary from the unit 'Structures: Helmets'.
Cross-curricular opportunities
Science: Living things and their habitats.
RSE: Personal safety.
Art.
English: Spoken language.
British values: Mutual respect.